Q3: Explain

What is a Flowchart?

·         A flowchart is a graphical representations of steps. It was originated from computer science as a tool for representing algorithms and programming logic but had extended to use in all other kinds of processes. Nowadays, flowcharts play an extremely important role in displaying information and assisting reasoning. They help us visualize complex processes, or make explicit the structure of problems and tasks. A flowchart can also be used to define a process or project to be implemented.

Flowchart Symbols

Flowchart Example – Simple Algorithms

A flowchart can also be used in visualizing algorithms, regardless of its complexity. Here is an example that shows how flowchart can be used in showing a simple summation process.

 

Exp1: Convert Temperature from Fahrenheit (℉) to Celsius (℃)

 

Different Data Types

'C' provides various data types to make it easy for a programmer to select a suitable data type as per the requirements of an application. Following are the three data types:

1. Primitive data types
2. Derived data types
3. User-defined data types

There are five primary fundamental data types,

1. int for integer data
2. char for character data
3. float for floating point numbers
4. double for double precision floating point numbers
5. void

Array, functions, pointers, structures are derived data types. 'C' language provides more extended versions of the above mentioned primary data types. Each data type differs from one another in size and range. Following table displays the size and range of each data type.

Data type	Size in bytes	Range
Char or signed char	1	-128 to 127
Unsigned char	1	0 to 255
int or signed int	2	-32768 to 32767
Unsigned int	2	0 to 65535
Short int or Unsigned short int	2	0 to 255
Signed short int	2	-128 to 127
Long int or Signed long int	4	-2147483648 to 2147483647
Unsigned long int	4	0 to 4294967295
float	4	3.4E-38 to 3.4E+38
double	8	1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308
Long double	10	3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932

Note: In C, there is no Boolean data type.